View article

Background: Both genetic and environmental factors contribute to Parkinson’s disease (PD) risk. Objective: We investigated the potential association of several relevant variables with PD age at onset (AAO), focusing on LRRK2 p. G2019S and GBA p. N370S mutations.

Methods: Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) PD patients, screened for LRRK2 and GBA mutations, underwent an interview regarding exposure to the following environmental and lifestyle factors: cigarette smoking, consumption of coffee, tea and alcohol, head injury and rural living. Multivariate linear regression (adjusted for sex) was used to examine the association with AAO, and models included LRRK2 p. G2019S and GBA p. N370S mutation status (carrier/non-carriers), single environmental variable and their interactions terms, as independent variables.

Results: 225 Israeli AJ PD patients were enrolled: 65 LRRK2 p. G2019S mutation carriers, 60 GBA p …