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Human security will be progressively threatened as the climate changes (robust evidence, high agreement). Human insecurity almost never has single causes, but instead emerges from the interaction of multiple factors.{12.1. 2, 12.2} Climate change is an important factor threatening human security through (1) undermining livelihoods {12.2};(2) compromising culture and identity {12.3};(3) increasing migration that people would rather have avoided {12.4}; and (4) challenging the ability of states to provide the conditions necessary for human security.{12.6}