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The finite-element method (FEM) has been employed to study the structural behavior of the fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bridge deck. The numerical results were verified with the field-test results provided by New York State Department of Transportation. Fully coupled thermal-stress analyses were conducted using the FEM to predict the failure mechanisms and the “fire resistance limit” of the superstructure under extreme thermal loading conditions. Furthermore, damage simulations of the FRP deck as a result of snow and ice plowing process were performed to investigate any possibility of bridge failure after damage occurs. Thermal simulations showed that FRP bridge decks are highly sensitive to the effect of elevated temperatures. The FRP deck approached the fire resistance limit at early stages of the fire incident under all cases of fire scenarios. The damage simulations due to the snow plowing showed …