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Agroforestry systems are a strategy for rural communities to manage environmental change through contributions in agrobiodiversity, livelihood diversity and labour availability, and economic stability. The majority of research in agroforestry has focused on tropical humid and sub-humid environments and the characteristics of agroforestry systems in arid and semi-arid regions have not been extensively documented in Latin American countries. Here, we document the characteristics of replicable, widely practiced agroforestry systems in five climatic regimes across the arid and semi-arid regions of Latin America (dry sub-humid, warm semi-arid, temperate arid, cold arid, and warm arid regions). The research was conducted on 4-6 farms per region using the design and diagnosis method, highlighting that the combination of multi-purpose trees with subsistence crops and livestock is highly context-specific. The …