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This research aimed to develop and validate a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multitask environments with particular consideration of individual factors. To describe mental workload more precisely and completely, a framework for mental workload measures, containing instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload, and overall workload was proposed. To model individual factors, 2 new variables (effective workload and ineffective workload) were introduced to conceptually model task- and individual-generated workloads. Under the conceptual model, the operational models for predicting human mental workload for human-computer interaction tasks were developed. The model used a multidimensional approach and allowed the quantification of different aspects of load. Two experimental studies were conducted to validate the proposed …