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Political parties around the world are democratizing the ways in which they select legislative candidates and party leaders. The move towards more inclusive methods, often labelled as “primaries”, is at least partly a response to declining party membership and growing public disaffection towards party politics. While this democratization of intra-party affairs has the potential to enhance democratic values such as participation, competitiveness and transparency, it also creates several challenges. This chapter begins by defining the term primary election (including the various types of primaries) and documenting the rapid expansion of inclusive selection methods worldwide. We then turn to a discussion of the various challenges associated with these methods. This includes concerns about oversight and accountability, the possibility of low-quality participation, fears of the divisiveness of primary elections, and …