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We here present two female patients with GBS, one from the Netherlands (patient GB50) and one from France (patient 664H2004). From a faecal specimen obtained for both patients, a C. coli strain was isolated. On the basis of surface protein profiling, the strains were unequivocally demonstrated to belong to the species C. coli (results not shown). The strains were encoded GB50 and 664H2004, respectively, and stored at− 80 C. For patient GB50, a serum sample obtained at the acute GBS phase was available. This sample was also stored at− 80 C. Strains were grown on Mueller-Hinton agar at 37 C for 48 h, after which DNA was extracted, as described by Pitcher et al.[5]. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was performed, as described by Duim et al.[6]. In brief, 1 µg of genomic DNA was digested with the HindIII-HhaI restriction enzyme combination and sitespecific adaptors were ligated to …