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Global climate change will have important effects on the ways in which humanity feeds itself (Fischer et al., 2005; Lobell et al., 2008). Increasing temperatures, changing rainfall patterns and increases in frequency of extreme events, such as droughts, storms, floods and weather extremes, will present important challenges to agricultural and food systems (Ortiz, 2011; Vermeulen et al., 2012). Agricultural biodiversity in general, and plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in particular, will play a fundamental role in the capacity of agricultural and food systems to adapt and respond to climate change (Jarvis et al., 2010; Ortiz, 2011). The fundamental role of these resources still remains, however, relatively unacknowledged (Ortiz, 2011). This is changing, however, and there is increasing attention to the complex relationships between climate change and the use and conservation of agricultural biodiversity, of …