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This dissertation examines how the growth of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has led to the development of new public policy in the European Union. While many political scientists remain skeptical of the efficacy of CSR---questioning, for example, why companies would choose to self-regulate in any meaningful way given their profit motive---my research provides evidence for a more optimistic perspective. Looking in particular at the case of corporate non-financial (i.e. social and environmental) reporting, the dissertation illustrates the ways in which civil society organizations have used voluntary standards, not to replace government, but to drag it into policy areas that have been neglected or ignored. Though most thinking about CSR puts the firm at the center of analysis, this project demonstrates that the firm is better understood as the target of other organizations that seek to push the CSR agenda forward. These organizations play a critical role in both expanding the regulatory space and changing societal expectations for good corporate behavior. While voluntary standards are often insufficient to reach desired social and environmental outcomes, my work suggests that their most significant impact on society and the environment actually occurs via their influence on public policy---as what is voluntary becomes expected, and what is expected becomes mandatory. The project begins with the observation that the rise in voluntary corporate non-financial reporting (NFR) in several European countries was followed by the enactment of new legislation making such practices mandatory. Postulating a causal relationship between this increase in …