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In our paper (Temmink et al. 2023), we argue that only integrated wetscapes (wet peatland landscapes) allow sustainable and complementary land-use functions. Wetscapes are an inevitable alternative for unsustainable drainagebased peatland use. In their comment, Langston et al.(2023) argue that our design is ‘‘desirable’’but ‘‘overlooks the complex social, cultural and political dynamics of shaping peatlands’’. We much welcome these comments, which are complementary to the issues we focussed on in our paper.

We all agree that peatland restoration should be ‘‘effective, efficient and just’’.‘‘Effective’’primarily refers to the physical basis of peatland management.‘‘Peatland must be wet’’is a boundary condition of global and local peatland sustainability, as drainage-based peatland use aggravates its own subsistence base (Joosten et al. 2012). Five percent of all global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions …