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ContextMycobacterium tuberculosis infection in health care workers has not been adequately studied in developing countries using newer diagnostic tests.ObjectivesTo estimate latent tuberculosis infection prevalence in health care workers using the tuberculin skin test (TST) and a whole-blood interferon γ (IFN-γ) assay; to determine agreement between the tests; and to compare their correlation with risk factors.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA cross-sectional comparison study of 726 health care workers aged 18 to 61 years (median age, 22 years) with no history of active tuberculosis conducted from January to May 2004, at a rural medical school in India. A total of 493 (68%) of the health care workers had direct contact with patients with tuberculosis and 514 (71%) had BCG vaccine scars.InterventionsTuberculin skin testing was performed using 1-TU dose of purified protein derivative RT23, and the IFN-γ assay …