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To investigate the influence of anisotropic electrical conductivity in white matter on the forward and inverse solution in electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) numerical simulation studies were performed. A high-resolution (1 mm³ isotropic) finite element model of a human head was implemented to study the sensitivity of EEG and MEG source localization. In vivo information on the anisotropy was obtained from magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging and included into the model, whereas both a direct transformation and a direct transformation with volume normalization were used to obtain conductivity tensors. Additionally, fixed artificial anisotropy ratios were also used, while considering only the orientation information from DTI, to generate conductivity tensors. Analysis was performed using over 25,000 single dipolar sources covering the full neocortex. Major findings of the …