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Materials and methods

Study participants [602 European–Americans (EAs) and 779 African–Americans (AAs)] were interviewed to obtain lifetime diagnoses of ASPD and SD and information on ACEs. Triallelic genotypes for 5-HTTLPR were obtained using standard methods. We used logistic generalized estimating equations regression to examine ACEs and 5-HTTLPR genotype and their interaction as predictors of ASPD, separately by population group.

Results

There were 203 (14.7%) participants diagnosed with ASPD. The frequency of the low-activity 5-HTTLPR S′ allele did not differ by ASPD diagnosis, and there was no overall 5-HTTLPR× ACE interaction. However, among European–Americans, male sex (odds ratio= 3.36; P< 0.001) and ACE history (odds ratio= 1.47; P= 0.002) were significant predictors of ASPD. Among AAs, there was a significant interaction of sex× 5-HTTLPR genotype× ACEs (χ 2= 13.92 …