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Land use land cover (LULC) changes can result in shortage of water, flood risk and soil erosion and thus contribute to the deterioration of living conditions. Understanding the impacts of LULC changes on water resources is therefore an important research issue for watershed management. Therefore, this paper discusses the impacts of LULC changes on surface runoff and sediment yield of Upper Tapi River Sub-basin, India using Soil and water assessment Tool (SWAT). The land use dynamics of the sub-basin was assessed through the analysis of four land use maps corresponding to year 1975, 1990, 2000, and 2016. It is found that from the year 1975–2016 agricultural area is increased by 18% whereas forest land and rangeland are decreased by 7% and 10% respectively. This land use change may lead to land degradation and ecological damages in the study area. These LULC maps were used to calibrate …