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Background: Failure to adhere to medication regimes is a significant problem in clinical and research settings yet reliable, consistent identification of key psychosocial predictors remains elusive. Studies of mood and personality related to adherence show mixed results—compliance and objectively measured cognitive function are intuitively related but empirical support is lacking.Purpose: This study is a secondary analysis to examine the relations between adherence with a medication regime for lowering serum cholesterol and several domains of psychological and cognitive functioning.Methods: Participants in the initial study completed a measure of personality and a battery of neuropsychological measures at baseline; anxiety and depression were measured at baseline and at 4-week intervals. Medication adherence was tracked with electronic cap monitors for 24 weeks.Results: Only 23 …