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The Zarigan–Chahmir basin is placed in the southern part of a crustal domain known as the Central Iranian microcontinent, at the northwestern margin of Gondwana. This basin hosts abundant mineral deposits, particularly of the iron oxide–apatite (IOA), Fe–Mn exhalative, and Zn–Pb sedimentary-exhalative (SEDEX) types. The evolution of this basin is governed by the Proto-Tethys oceanic crust subduction beneath the Central Iranian microcontinent and by the resulting continental arc and back-arc. This evolution followed two major stages of rifting: (I) Stage I or syn-rift phase, related to intra-basin extension, is indicated by coarse-grained detrital sedimentary rocks and bimodal volcanism (basis of the Early Cambrian Volcano-Sedimentary Sequence; ECVSS), which filled half-graben systems. During this stage, tuff-hosted stratiform, exhalative Fe–Mn deposits along with Kiruna-type IOA deposits formed. The former …