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The chapter discusses the role of microscale turbulence in the feeding ecology of larval fish. The chapter reviews the development and application of the term “turbulence theory” specifically as it relates to the feeding ecology of larval fish. Turbulent motions are produced when local buoyancy and/or shear forces generate instabilities in local pressure and density fields. The chapter focuses on the interactions between individual larval fish and their prey that restricts the discussion primarily to millimetre-scale turbulent motions. The chapter presents a brief review of the physics of oceanic turbulence, and traces the development of the original Rothschild and Osborn model. The chapter elaborates on more recent attempts to model the effects of microscale turbulence on encounter rates. The chapter also reviews both empirical and field studies designed to test various elements of the turbulence …