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Combined passive and active immunization for newborns very effectively prevents perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. In the Netherlands, babies born to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive women receive passive immunization with hepatitis B and at least three active HBsAg vaccinations. Serological testing for the presence of HBV markers was offered for all infants born to HBsAg‐positive mothers between January 2003 and July 2007, after completion of their vaccination schedule. About 75% of the infants (n = 1743) completed their HB‐vaccination schedule and participated in the serologic evaluation. Twelve of them (0.7%) were found to be HBV infected. Furthermore, we identified three older children with high levels of anti‐HBc, anti‐HBs and anti‐HBe, while they were HBsAg and HBV DNA negative. This serologic profile is evidence for a resolved HBV infection. In the group of older children …