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Nature provides an abundance of goods and services, known as ecosystem services, that fulfill human needs—a concept that is fundamental to naturebased climate solutions. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a United Nations initiative to assess human impacts on natural systems published in 2005, grouped ecosystem services into the following four categories1:

• Provisioning services fulfill such needs as food and potable water. For example, intact marine ecosystems provide seafood, and intact forests provide wood for use in building homes.• Regulating services maintain the conditions that make life possible. For example, intact forests help conserve biodiversity, filter water, stabilize soil, and improve air quality.