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Forest managers are faced with increasing demands for multiple ecosystem services, requiring them to prioritize forest landscapes' multifunctionality. At the same time, national sectoral policies drive management to fulfill their specific objectives, which are often developed in non-coordinated processes. Using multi-objective optimization, we investigated the potential multifunctionality cost stemming from national sectoral policies in four European study regions. For this, in each region, we developed three scenarios that optimized the proportional distribution of management regimes for each sectorial policy and one for the maximum multifunctionality. We also analyze the spatial trade-offs between the provision of forest ecosystem services and biodiversity. For all case studies, the highest multifunctionality, ie multiple ecosystem service provision, was best provided by a combination of integrative management regimes but allocating a proportion of the forested land to specific uses. Trade-offs between ecosystem services were identified, pointing out and highlighting the potential bottlenecks or reinforcing effects that can hinder or ease multifunctional oriented management strategies. In comparison, with the sectoral policies, those that address a higher number of services were the closest to the maximum multifunctionality levels. In conclusion, forest policies should target a broad set of objectives to foster multifunctionality and must acknowledge the conflicts and synergies among ecosystem services to maximize management efficiency. In terms of management, continuous cover forestry and regimes aiming at climate adaptation must increase in all the …