Authors
Wentao Yao, Gregory M Odegard, Zhennan Huang, Yifei Yuan, Hasti Asayesh-Ardakani, Soroosh Sharifi-Asl, Meng Cheng, Boao Song, Ramasubramonian Deivanayagam, Fei Long, Craig R Friedrich, Khalil Amine, Jun Lu, Reza Shahbazian-Yassar
Publication date
2018/6/1
Journal
Nano Energy
Volume
48
Pages
301-311
Publisher
Elsevier
Description
Engineering crystal facets to enhance their functionalities often require complex processing routes to suppress the growth of surfaces with the lowest thermodynamic energies. Herein, we report a unique method to control the morphologies of β-MnO2 crystals with different occupancy of {100}/{111} facets through the effect of K+ cations. Combining aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), ultramicrotomy, and dynamic functional theory (DFT) simulation, we clarified that the β-MnO2 crystals were formed through a direct solid-state phase transition process. Increasing the concentration of K+ cations in the precursor gradually changed the morphology of β-MnO2 from bipyramid prism ({100}+{111} facets) to an octahedron structure ({111} facets). The K+ cations controlled the morphology of β-MnO2 by affecting the formation of α-K0.5Mn4O8 intermediate phase and the subsequent phase …
Total citations
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