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This paper presents the Energy, Carbon and Cost Assessment for Building Stocks (ECCABS) model, which is a bottom-up model to assess energy-saving measures (ESM) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) mitigation strategies in building stocks. The model is based on a one-zone hourly heat balance that calculates the net energy demand for a number of buildings representative of the building stock and an additional code for the input and output data. The model generates results in terms of net and delivered energy, associated CO₂ emissions, and the costs of implementing different ESM. The results are extended to the entire building stock by means of weighting factors. Empirical and comparative validations of the heat-balance modelling of single buildings are presented. The building stock modelling is validated against the current Swedish residential stock, for which the results of the modelling are in agreement with …