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Observers viewed upright and inverted versions of figure–ground stimuli, in which Gestalt variables specified that the center was figure. In upright versions, the surround was high in denotivity, in that most viewers agreed it depicted the same shape; in inverted versions, the surround was low in denotivity. The surround was maintained as figure longer and was more likely to be obtained as figure when the stimuli were upright rather than inverted. In 4 experiments, these effects reflected inputs to figure–ground computations from orientation-specific shape representations only. To account for these findings, a nonratiomorphic mechanism is proposed that enables shape recognition processes before figure–ground relationships are determined.(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)