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The purpose of this study was to determine whether denial of handgun purchase is an effective violence prevention strategy. Individuals denied handgun purchase because of a prior felony conviction and handgun purchasers with a felony arrest at time of purchase were examined. Relative to those denied purchase, handgun purchasers were found to be at greater risk for subsequent offenses involving a gun (relative risk [RR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.08, 1.36) or violence (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.11, 1.39), after adjustment for number of prepurchase weapon/violence charges. Denial of handgun purchase to persons with a prior felony conviction may lower their rate of subsequent criminal activity.