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The Paraná River in Brazil is the main tributary of the La Plata River and runs through 4695 km. Its third upper part, the Upper Paraná River, is almost completely inside Brazilian territory. In this area, there are more than 130 major reservoirs that inundated most of the river-floodplain system. The stretch left, ∼230 km, is the area where a Long Term Ecological Research site (Site 6) was developed. The floodplain presents itself as a mosaic of habitats (river channels, secondary channels and lagoons) with peculiar characteristics, depending on local and/or regional processes. Surveys conducted in the area since 1986 registered about 2920 species (745 species of terrestrial plants, 60 species of macrophytes, 543 species phytoplankton, 385 species of zooplankton, 188 species of benthos, 176 species of fish, and 417 species of other vertebrates). Aside from the intense regulation by dams, the flood pulse is still …