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This chapter makes the case for a genealogy of nationalism, whilst focusing on the ideal of homogeneous societies, what the known scholar on nations and nationalism Ernest Gellner defines as congruency of state and nation. This chapter argues, moreover, that to critically unpack nationalism and its power, we should go beyond a critique of statism, sovereignty and territoriality. Equally important, this chapter suggests that a psychoanalytical framework, particularly the concepts of lack and fantasy, are crucial to understand better the ‘endurance of nationalism.’ The chapter interrogates the contemporary regime of nation/state congruency in a myriad of political and International Relations theorisation and details the plan of the book.