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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐guided radiation therapy (RT) treatment planning is limited by the fact that the electron density distribution required for dose calculation is not readily provided by MR imaging. We compare a selection of novel synthetic CT generation algorithms recently reported in the literature, including segmentation‐based, atlas‐based and machine learning techniques, using the same cohort of patients and quantitative evaluation metrics.

Six MRI‐guided synthetic CT generation algorithms were evaluated: one segmentation technique into a single tissue class (water‐only), four atlas‐based techniques, namely, median value of atlas images (ALMedian), atlas‐based local weighted voting (ALWV), bone enhanced atlas‐based local weighted voting (ALWV‐Bone), iterative atlas‐based local weighted voting (ALWV‐Iter), and a machine learning technique using deep …