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Optimisation meta-heuristics such as particle swarm optimisation (PSO) require high-performance computing (HPC). The use of software parallelism and hardware parallelism is mandatory to achieve HPC. Thread-level parallelism is a common software solution for programming on multicore systems. The Java language, which includes important aspects such as its portability and architecture neutrality, its multithreading facilities and its distributed nature, makes it an interesting language to parallel PSO. However, many factors may impact the runtime performance: the coding styles, the threads-synchronisation levels, the harmony between the software parallelism injected into the code and the available hardware parallelism, the Java networking APIs, etc. This paper analyses the Java runtime performance on handling multithread PSO over general purpose multicore machines and networked machines …