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Pinheiro SL, Araujo G, Bincelli I, Cunha R, Bueno C. Evaluation of cleaning capacity and instrumentation time of manual, hybrid and rotary instrumentation techniques in primary molars. International Endodontic Journal, 45, 379–385, 2012.

Aim  To compare the cleaning effectiveness of manual, hybrid and rotary instrumentation techniques in primary molar teeth.

Methodology  Fifteen primary molars were selected. After endodontic access, the teeth were immersed in a medium containing Enterococcus faecalis and divided into three groups, according to the root canal instrumentation technique: group 1 – manual, group 2 – hybrid and group 3 – nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary files. For microbiological evaluation, comparisons before and after instrumentation were performed using the paired Student’s t‐test. One‐way anova complemented with the Student’s t‐test was used to compare the percentage of …