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Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) and mupirocin are increasingly used for Staphylococcus aureus decolonization to prevent healthcare-associated infections; however, increased use of these agents has led to concerns for growing resistance and reduced efficacy. In this review, we describe current understanding of reduced susceptibility to CHG and mupirocin in S. aureus and their potential clinical implications.

While emergence of S. aureus tolerant or resistant to topical antimicrobial agents used for decolonization is well described, the clinical impact of reduced susceptibility is not clear. Important challenges are that standardized methods of resistance testing and interpretation are not established, and the risk for selection for co- or cross-resistance using universal, as opposed to targeted decolonization, is unclear …