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Indigenous communities in the Pacific West of North America have long depended on fire to steward their environments, and they are increasingly asserting the importance of cultural burning to achieve goals for ecological and social restoration. We synthesized literature regarding objectives and effects of cultural burning in this region within an ecosystem services framework. Much scholarly literature focuses on why various species harvested from burned areas were important historically, while tribes and recent research increasingly stress a wide range of ecological and cultural benefits afforded by contemporary cultural burning. These tribal values generally align with broader ecological restoration objectives, although Indigenous practitioners espouse holistic views on the benefits of burning rather than focusing narrowly on fuel reduction and wildfire mitigation. While government agencies are motivated to treat …