Authors
Ben Zhang, Weijie Chen, Haiyang Chen, Guang Zeng, Rui Zhang, Hongxiang Li, Yunfei Wang, Xiaodan Gu, Weiwei Sun, Hao Gu, Feng Gao, Yaowen Li, Yongfang Li
Publication date
2024
Journal
Energy & Environmental Science
Volume
17
Issue
8
Pages
2935-2944
Publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry
Description
Enabling green-solvent-processed large-area organic solar cells (OSCs) is of great significance to their industrialization. However, precisely controlling the temperature-dependent fluid mechanics and evaporation behavior of green solvents with high-boiling points is challenging. Controlling these parameters is essential to prevent the non-uniform distribution of active layer components and severe molecule aggregation, which collectively degrade the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of large-scale devices. In this study, we revealed that the temperature gradient distribution across a wet film is the root of the notorious Marangoni effect, which leads to the formation of a severely non-uniform active layer on a large scale. Thus, a rapid solidification strategy was proposed to accelerate the evaporation of toluene, a green solvent, at room temperature. This strategy simultaneously inhibits the Marangoni effect and …
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