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This report evaluates the potential of the rural economy to provide decent employment and the outcomes associated with various types of employment for rural young people in Africa. The review draws on elements of the landscapes of rural youth opportunity framework, such as the importance of economic geography and local or regional contextual factors, in order to understand the available livelihood opportunities for rural African youth. Primarily, however, the review bases its analysis on the concept of structural transformation in order to determine the areas of the rural economy which can best provide decent employment opportunities for rural youth. This is amidst an ongoing global pandemic, which the Ilo has estimated to have particularly impacted 1.6 billion informal economy workers around the world, a large number of which are young Africans (Ilo, 2020b; Ilo, 2021).