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The psychological construct of self-efficacy plays a key role in both general, as well as addiction-specific, models of health behavior change and is well supported empirically. As a predictor of treatment outcome it has proven useful; however, to further clarify the nature and role of self-efficacy in predicting the complexities of addiction recovery, it would seem crucial also to consider an individuals’ motivation to carry out that future behavior, because the degree to which a measure of self-efficacy predicts behavior may be contingent upon whether that individual is also motivated to enact it. To this end, we tested an interaction model of self-efficacy and motivation on treatment outcome. Young adults (N= 302; M= 20 years; 74% male) undergoing residential substance use disorder treatment were assessed at treatment intake, discharge, and 3, 6, and 12 months postdischarge on self-efficacy (SE), motivation for sobriety …