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This chapter demonstrates that the Continua of Biliteracy model enables a fresh understanding of both Welsh literacy traditions and emerging perspectives in Wales about biliteracy. It will be shown that the comprehensive and holistic nature of the Continua framework (Hornberger, 1989; Hornberger & Skilton-Sylvester, 2000) creates an analytical tool for elucidating historical, contemporary political, and recent innovative perspectives on biliteracy in Wales. The first section provides a brief standard historical perspective of biliteracy in Wales, and then asks whether the Continua enable a deeper explanation and understanding of Welsh literacy history than is typically provided. The second section addresses a belief in Wales that literacy in the minority language is a key performance indicator of Welsh language vitality and revitalization (or decline). This section asks whether the Continua aid the interpretation and …