Authors
Jian Liu, Biwei Xiao, Mohammad N Banis, Ruying Li, Tsun-Kong Sham, Xueliang Sun
Publication date
2015/4/20
Journal
Electrochimica Acta
Volume
162
Pages
275-281
Publisher
Pergamon
Description
A non-aqueous approach was developed to synthesize iron phosphate cathode materials by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. Deposition of iron phosphate thin films was achieved on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs) by combining ALD subcycles of Fe2O3 (ferrocene-ozone) and POx (trimethyl phosphate-water) at 200 – 350 °C. The thickness of iron phosphate thin films depends linearly on the ALD cycle, indicating their self-limiting growth behavior. The growth per cycle of iron phosphate thin films was determined to be ∼ 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.5 Å, at 200, 250, 300, and 350 °C, respectively. Characterization by SEM, TEM, and HRTEM techniques revealed uniform and conformal coating of amorphous iron phosphates on the surface of NCNTs. XANES analysis confirmed Fesingle bondOsingle bondP bonding in the iron phosphates prepared by ALD. Furthermore, electrochemical measurement …
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