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Road fragmentation is a concern for wildlife viability in and adjacent to protected areas in the Rocky Mountains. Roads create a barrier to wildlife movement and have documented demographic effects, including the alteration of animal communities, the reduction of biological diversity, and the increased threat of extinction. Wildlife movement across and adjacent to the Trans-Canada Highway (TCH) (14,000 annual average daily traffic, AADT) and Highway 1A (3000 AADT) was studied in Banff National Park, Alberta. Animal tracks were observed crossing roadways and on transects adjacent to roads for wolves, cougar, lynx, wolverine, marten, elk, deer, sheep, hare, and red squirrel relative to road types. Data were analyzed to assess the barrier effect and a geographical information system (GIS) was used to identify landscape attributes associated with species movement. The TCH was found to be a barrier to …