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Cenozoic gneiss domes—exposing middle‐lower crustal rocks—cover ~30% of the surface exposure of the Pamir, western India‐Asia collision zone; they allow an unparalleled view into the deep crust of the Asian plate. We use titanite, monazite, and zircon U/Th‐Pb, mica Rb‐Sr and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar, zircon and apatite fission track, and zircon (U‐Th)/He ages to constrain the exhumation history of the ~350 × 90 km Shakhdara‐Alichur dome, southwestern Pamir. Doming started at 21–20 Ma along the Gunt top‐to‐N normal‐shear zone of the northern Shakhdara dome. The bulk of the exhumation occurred by ~NNW‐ward extrusion of the footwall of the crustal‐scale South Pamir normal‐shear zone along the southern Shakhdara dome boundary. Footwall extrusion was active from ~18–15 Ma to ~2 Ma at ~10 mm/yr slip and with vertical exhumation rates of 1–3 mm/yr; it resulted in up to 90 km ~N‐S extension …