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Net biome production (NBP) plays a pivotal role in driving inter-annual variability of atmospheric CO 2. However, NBP is profoundly influenced by even minor environmental or meteorological changes, making it essential to comprehend the diverse impacts on different ecosystem types to achieve accurate projections of the future carbon cycle. Process-based terrestrial biosphere models (TBMs) yield substantial uncertainties in predicting the carbon cycle response (both regionally and globally) to climate changes in recent inter-comparison efforts like MsTMIP and TRENDY. While these models generally agree on the direction of the carbon cycle response to climate, the magnitude of the impacts varies by a factor of four or five. To address these uncertainties, we compare NBP estimates from TRENDY and OCO-2 MIP LNLG and input them into GEOS-Chem models, allowing us to evaluate NBP estimated from process …