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This chapter, from the critical perspective of Political Ecology, discusses how the Industry 4.0 paradigm frames water issues and proposes solutions. They point out that the inequalities present in the day-to-day practices and the decisions on where to prioritize access to water and urban infrastructure reflect colonial structures of exploitation and control as well as postcolonial governance that underlie these societies today. In this sense, access to water is mediated by both historical and contemporary hydrosocial relations that reflect flows of knowledge and power and produce natures characterized by inequality and degradation. The solutions to unequal access to water involve the voices and empowerment of vulnerable and oppressed populations, the recognition that there are multiple solutions to the problem, and contending with the ways that urbanization processes play a fundamental role in the construction of …