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Advancing urbanisation presents interesting health challenges around the world. On one hand, urbanisation and economic development are crucial to ending poverty and reducing risk of communicable diseases; on the other, urbanisation is often accompanied by obesogenic environments and the propensity for unhealthy lifestyle behaviours. As the most populous country in the world and having gone through a rapid economic development in the past few decades, China presents a unique view of urbanisation, physical activity, and the nutritional transitions. Although no doubt exists of the positive effects of economic development, there are clear health risks associated with any developmental transition. One such risk arises from a nutritional transition—from a diet of unprocessed fruits, vegetables, rice, and protein to one that is high in processed foods, salt, fat, and sugar. Nutritional transition also usually signifies …