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Rapid expansion of the voluntary carbon market is evidenced by the number of carbon registries and private companies that have recently published measurement, reporting, and verification (MRV) protocols to pay farmers for sequestering carbon in agricultural soils as a climate change mitigation strategy. Our review of 12 publicly available soil organic carbon (SOC) MRV protocols from major registries and other crediting organizations reveals important differences in their approaches to measurement and estimation of SOC and net greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions and to key accounting issues, such as additionality and permanence (see the table) . These differences pose a risk of nonequivalent credit creation, which would undermine confidence in the integrity of crediting programs. We outline ideas for a regionally consistent crediting framework that could help establish consistent, transparent, and robust …