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The evolution of the liquid metal battery is a story of a novel technology originally conceived in a different economic and political climate to provide flexibility in addressing the constraints of a society just entering the nuclear age and with aspirations to electrify the everyday experience. Ironically, it is these same massive research projects that receded into obscurity that can now be resurrected and reinvented as an exciting opportunity for addressing society’s ambitions for both sustainable and environmentally benign energy. In contrast to the public’s demand for the constant improvement of highperformance lithium-ion batteries for portable electronics, 1 liquid metal batteries are instead the story of a society catching up with a technology far ahead of its time. The story of the all-liquid electrochemical cell begins nearly a century ago with advances in the electrolytic production of ultrahigh-purity aluminum. Building …