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We apply Frequency-domain Waveform Tomography to form quantitative, high-resolution P-wave velocity images of a megasplay fault system within the central Nankai subduction zone offshore of southwest Japan, using controlled source Ocean Bottom Seismometer (OBS) data originally acquired in 2004. The Waveform Tomography method exploits recorded seismic waveforms beyond their first arrivals, and thus achieves a much higher resolution (of the order of a wavelength) than that of conventional Traveltime Tomography methods. Frequency-domain Waveform Tomography facilitates a multi-scale approach to stabilize the inversion, in which initial Traveltime Tomography results are sequentially improved on by first fitting low frequency components of the seismic records (starting at 2.25Hz); higher frequency components (up to 8.5Hz) are then introduced progressively. Our final Waveform Tomography image …