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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can cause a myriad of immune related complications, including myocarditis which has a mortality of 25 to 50%.¹ The impact of peripheral cytokine levels on prognosis and treatment of ICI myocarditis has not been well described.

This was a retrospective cohort of patients with ICI myocarditis treated at MD Anderson Cancer Center between January 2011 and May 2022. ICI myocarditis was defined by the adjudication criteria of myocarditis in the setting of cancer therapeutics.² Cytokine levels were obtained during the index hospitalization with ICI myocarditis and measured by two clinical laboratory improvement amendments (CLIA)-certified assays. If cytokine levels were measured more than once, the peak value was used. Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) were defined as a composite of heart failure with/without cardiogenic shock, arterial …