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This article presents two longitudinal, prospective studies examining the role of social support in smoking cessation and maintenance. Three kinds of support factors were assessed: support from a partner directly related to quitting; perceptions of the availability of general (ie, nonsmoking) support resources; and the presence of smokers in subjects’ social networks. Subjects were smokers in cessation programs. Corroborated smoking status was obtained through 12 months posttreatment. There was evidence for all three support factors, but they operated at different points in the process of cessation and maintenance. High levels of partner support and of the perceived availability of general support were associated with cessation and with short-term (to 3 months posttreatment) maintenance of abstinence. The presence of smokers in subjects’ social networks was a hindrance to maintenance and significantly …