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Flooding is one of the most notorious natural disasters that adversely impact people's lives, and damages their properties. To properly simulate the flood waves, two-dimensional hydrodynamic models herein referred to as flood inundation models are widely used. These models apply conservation of mass and momentum principles to the riverine systems aiming to estimate the spatiotemporal distribution of water depth and inundation areas surrounding the rivers. Conventionally, the upstream and downstream flows (or water surface elevation) are used as boundary conditions of these models, and the roughness coefficients and channel bathymetry information are calibrated to improve the performance of model simulations compared to reference data. In a recent study, we demonstrated that including lateral flows (and vertical fluxes) as additional boundary conditions can significantly improve the accuracy of …