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Selenium (Se) is an essential mineral for livestock health and productivity. In cattle, Se deficiency is associated with delayed conception, growth retardation, and increased morbidity and mortality. We conducted a survey of cattle serum (n= 224) and feed (n= 81) samples from two areas with contrasting human and cereal grain Se concentration in Ethiopia. The fodder samples include stover, straw, hay and pasture grass. Se concentration of the samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Serum Se concentration ranged from 14.9 to 167.8 µg L− 1 (median, 41.4 µg L− 1). Cattle from East Amhara had significantly greater serum Se concentration compared to cattle from West Amhara (median: 68.4 µg L− 1 vs 25.7 µg L− 1; p< 0.001). Overall, 79.8% of cattle had Se deficiency (< 81 µg L− 1). All of the cattle from West Amhara were Se deficient compared …