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The upcoming BIOMASS mission will provide P-band repeat-pass PolInSAR data from space for the improved mapping of global biomass. PolInSAR technique has been widely validated with the potential to invert forest height and estimate forest aboveground biomass (AGB). However, the robustness of PolInSAR-based AGB estimation across different sites still lacks full evaluation, especially for those with a varied forest type, heterogeneity (varied growth ratio between cover and height), and topographic relief. In this study, we concentrated on backscatter decomposition and forest height inversion, and developed a robust AGB estimation method that can be applied to different sites. Two dense and closed tropical forest sites (Paracou and Nouragues) and one open and heterogeneous boreal forest site (Krycklan) were selected as the study areas, and the corresponding airborne PolInSAR, LiDAR, and ground …