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The efficiency of energy consumption of a battery-powered electric vehicle (EV) is an important issue. This paper provides a comprehensive study on the effects of lateral gaps under non-lane discipline on the energy consumption for EV traffic stream by analyzing driving cycles produced by car-following models. In particular, the energy consumption model includes travel resistance power loss, motor power loss, regenerative braking power, and ancillary power loss. Then, three car-following models are implemented to evaluate the effects of lateral gaps: the FVD model with no lateral gap, the NLBCF model with one-sided lateral gap, and the TSFVD model with two-sided lateral gaps. Numerical experiments analyze three scenarios: start process, stop process, and evolution process for FVD model, NLBCF model, and TSFVD model, respectively. Simulation results demonstrate that, although EVs under the …